Food Web

     In class today we went over food chains and what eats what. Mrs Goodrich assigned us all a specific ocean organism like killer whale, penguin, Anchovy etc. I was assigned an Anchovy. An anchovy is one of the most eaten organism in the food web. We used a roll of yarn to make the web and I was holing a lot of strings because anchovy eaten by a lot of other sea animals. In terms of a tropic level, an anchovy is at the bottom of the triangle because anchovies are very small and just about anything could eat it.
 
An anchovy would be a primary consumer on the Trophic pyramid.

Oceanography Final essay

Nick Jorge

Oceanography

Final Essay

            How do the fundamentals of physical oceanography and meteorology make Earth habitable?  The fundamentals of physical oceanography and meteorology makes Earth habitable in several different ways.  If we did not have the ocean we would not be here at all so the ocean is very important. The Earth basically runs off the ocean. It is the highway for many things.

The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate. The ocean is truly an incredible thing for what it does for the world. The ocean is much more complex than what the average person thinks. Before I took oceanography I thought the ocean was just a pool of water that is there for transport and starting hurricanes but there is much more I didn't know about. I always knew the ocean was full of currents but I never actually realized how complex they really are. There are small currents everywhere but there are also big constant currents such as the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream goes all around the world and what it basically does is bring warm or cool air around the world. A good example of this is when you first turn on the bathtub and obviously the water it cold when you first turn it on but then right as soon as it starts getting warm, you mix the warm water with the cold. It then equals out. That is basically what the Gulf Stream and other streams are doing. It doesn't just mix water but it also does the same with oxygen. The wind gets caught with the water and wind of all different temperatures are mixed around the Earth as well.  The picture below shows how water is moved around the earth. 

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=667&q=Gulf+stream&oq=Gulf+stream&gs_l=img.3..0l10.1746.5942.0.6282.15.10.2.3.3.0.245.824.8j1j1.10.0.msedr...0...1ac.1.61.img..0.15.842.PQOvb7ABot0#imgdii=_&imgrc=pisuY9BMhUHcRM%253A%3BMkMiytrblWheOM%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Flamarzulli.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F12%252Fgulf-stream.jpg%3Bhttps%253A%252F%252Flamarzulli.wordpress.com%252F2014%252F11%252F18%252Fis-the-gulf-stream-broken%252F%3B530%3B313

The ocean and people are inextricably interconnected. I know this because people are constantly in the ocean. Whether if it is people on a warm beach, or people crab fishing in the arctic waters. People are always using the oceans for resources or for a good time. The ocean is a giant tub of resources. The fishing industries rely on the ocean to get their pay and ocean explorers rely on the ocean for them to find something new that they can get money from, research, and put something new in the history books. Ocean exploration is an incredible thing because as of right now, the human race has only explored less than five percent of the world’s oceans. You can only imagine what we have not seen and what kind of research is to be found. Every so often, scientists find a new species of fish or creature in the deep ocean. They even find creatures that were thought to be extinct. It is truly amazing how much we have not explored. The picture below is a scuba diver discovering new things in the ocean. 

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=667&q=Gulf+stream&oq=Gulf+stream&gs_l=img.3..0l10.1746.5942.0.6282.15.10.2.3.3.0.245.824.8j1j1.10.0.msedr...0...1ac.1.61.img..0.15.842.PQOvb7ABot0#hl=en&tbm=isch&q=Ocean+research&imgdii=_&imgrc=I3AYKEiIXqYsdM%253A%3Bk2k_SyUKLo6mpM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.fieldstudies.org%252Fassets%252Fheros%252Fgeneral%252F00005563-TCI_Research.JPG%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.fieldstudies.org%252Fabout%252Fresearch%252Ftci%3B3648%3B2051

               The ocean shapes the features of the Earth. The Earth and all the continents in general are formed by the ocean, water in general, and wind. The ocean is constantly grinding against the coasts of every coast, some more than others but they always are. Waves are always beating on beaches. It not really a problem until the waves start breaking away at beaches at an angle because that will continue to push the sand away which can block a river and then people will have to bring the sand back to the beach instead of the river. This just recently happened in Plum Island and I saw the big pumps putting sand back to the beaches. There are ways that can help with a situation like this from happening such as forming jetty’s which will only let the sand go to a certain point. You will see that a lot of beaches have jetties and man made walls to prevent this. Tides will also affect the shape of the earth. Tides will slowly bring the water level up and down continuously and you can imagine that will break at beaches and coasts. Plate tectonics can really affect a coast in violent ways such as a Tsunami or a Rogue wave. A Tsunami is a big wave that is formed by an underwater earthquake, an underwater volcanic eruption or even an asteroid falling into the ocean. Rogue waves are waves that are more than twice the size of a normal wave and the trough of a Rogue wave is unusually big and how they develop is still being investigated. The picture below is what looks like a fishing boat and it is going over a large wave. Possibly a rogue wave. 

https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=667&q=Gulf+stream&oq=Gulf+stream&gs_l=img.3..0l10.1746.5942.0.6282.15.10.2.3.3.0.245.824.8j1j1.10.0.msedr...0...1ac.1.61.img..0.15.842.PQOvb7ABot0#hl=en&tbm=isch&q=Rogue+wave&imgdii=_&imgrc=9JArltkCsQy2CM%253A%3BjDz4UKZw9uQl-M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F1.bp.blogspot.com%252F_OY207fSznjo%252FTU9Y33JkSBI%252FAAAAAAAAALQ%252F9VHjB8LTd8U%252Fs320%252FRogue%25252BWave%25252B4.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fbadri9903.blogspot.com%252F2011%252F02%252Frogue-wave.html%3B320%3B218

Earth is habitable because of the fundamentals in oceanography and meteorology. Currents and wind are ways how the great oceans affect climate and the weather. If it wasn't for the currents and streams in the ocean then I bet the weather and climate would be much different than it is today. If it weren't for explorers and fishermen than the ocean and the people wouldn't be as inextricably interconnected. Ocean explorers still has more than 95 percent of the ocean to explore and I can imagine that can be overwhelming but I can only imagine what they might find. There are so many things we don’t know about under the surface of the oceans. Waves, tides, and plate tectonics are the reason why our continents are shaping the way they are. Tides are probably the biggest way that our Earth is shaped.  The Earth is a major Influence on weather and climate, the ocean and people are inextricably interconnected, and the ocean shaped the features of the Earth.  

Coasts

All the coasts and beaches have their own physical and geological characteristic. A rocky or sandy beach is a good example of a physical coastline. There are beaches that are made of fish poop which is both physical and geological. An example of a geological coastline can be cape cod and how it is made from glacial erosion. All coastlines have their own dynamic feature.

For the past week our class has been working on a packet on estuaries and coasts. A primary coast is a coast mostly made from land erosion and volcanic activity. A secondary coast is a coast that has been made up of water, erosion, and marine life such as shells and fish poop. We looked at eighteen estuaries and classifications.

On the graph the three different estuaries go in different directions on the graph. Line a starts low and then goes up. Line b is very basic and stays near the same depth. Line c almost gets as deep as line a.

In the packet we got specific classifications for the twelve estuaries listed. There are coastal plain estuaries, fjords, bar built estuaries, and tectonic estuaries. For example San Francisco is a tectonic estuary.  That means the estuaries was made from plate tectonics.

Dynamic Earth

What Forces do scientists think cause tectonic plates to move?

Scientists believe the all the continents are floating around on the mantle which is liquid and the continents keep moving away from where they started in the super continent called Pangaea. If you look at a map that shows the previous movements of the continents, they all fit together and you can see their paths of their movement. It makes sense that they are floating on the mantle. The mantle is a liquid and its what the crust is sitting on. The mantle is not very dense so it would make sense that the continents float around on it. I think about a bunch of rubber ducks in a bath tub and they will move once there is a disturbance in the water. That is a basic explanation of what happened to make the continents spread apart.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, what changes will occur to the oceans and the continents over the next millions of years?

No one actually knows what may happen within the next million years but I believe that the continents will continue moving  away from each other and eventually, North America is going to collide with Asia and Japan because they are in a collision coarse towards each other. I think that the pacific ocean is going o shrink and all the water from the pacific ocean is going to go under South America and connect with the Atlantic and the Atlantic will be even bigger. The biggest ocean. The plates underneath the oceans are still having magma come up and form new crust so either way there is going to be more Continental drift.  

Opinion on Article

http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/2014/09/29/return-to-the-antikythera-shipwreck-marine-archeology-goes-high-tech/

I have just read an article for my Oceanography class and now I have to write my Opinion.

I thought it was a really interesting article of a ship wreck that was found in the Mediterranean sea. I liked that there was more than just a sunken boat, but there was also treasure involved. I thought it was weird on how long it took for some diver to actually find it. 70 years is a long time. I'm surprised that no one reported a boat missing back in the really early 1900s when the boat first sunk. I liked how they used the top of the line equipment to get the boat to the surface and I thought that picture of the submersible suit could be used on the moon. I thought this article was really cool.

Historical roots of Oceanography

          There is a lot of history behind the roots of the ocean exploration. Back in the 1400s is when ocean exploration got more involved with the world. Compasses and maps were being used to help explorers navigate and find new parts of the world that were not found before. Technology slowly got better as each century passed and ocean exploration got easier as well. The compass was definitely one of the best tools made for an ocean explorer. The first compass was made in china between 2nd century BC and 1st century Ad. They have been used in ocean exploration forever and they are still used today in some occasions. Charts were also used on maps for a long time. On maps there is grid lines that go horizontaly and vertically which is longitude and latitude which are marked as degrees. It is a technique to find a specific spot on a map and people still use it today. A Portuguese explorer names Ferdinand Magellan used both the compass and the map (with degrees) to do his expedition which led him across the pacific. His expedition was the first to explore across the Pacific ocean and it was on accident. Another invention that was made in the 1700s was the chronometer. The chronometer is a tool used to tell what time it is. Its a great tool because it will work in any region of the world. There is a technique for travel called celestial navigation. Celestial navigation is navigation used by the sun, moon, and stars. All together it can work like a compass because the sun rises on the east and sets on the west, and the north star points towards the north. It was a very clever way to explore when there wasn't much technology.

Life Waves

Wavelength and Frequency: 
Light has its own light waves. The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends. How do rainbows get their colors? The rainbows get their colors from when air and rain combine and the light from the sun has different wave lengths (light wave lengths) and the different colors are formed by the different frequency. Red is bent the less, and violet is bent more.










Light Reflection and Reflection. 
Light reflection occurs everywhere. It can even happen on solid objects. The light reflection off things is why we can see things like other people. If we did not have the sun, we would not be able to see anyone or anything. Reflection is when something is reflected in another direction. Like a flash light in a mirror. If you aim a flashlight directly in the mirror then it will reflect back at you. If there were a room with all mirrors or walls then the whole room would light up the second you turn on a flashlight.